Hazard And Operability (hazop)
What is HAZOP?
•Systematic technique to IDENTIFY potential HAZard and OPerating problems.
•Aformalsystematic rigorous examination to the process and engineering facets of a production facility.
•Aqualitative technique basedon“guide-words”to help provoke thoughts about the way deviations from the intended operating conditions can lead to hazardous situations or operabilityproblems
•HAZOP is basically for safety -Hazards are the main concern -Operability problems degrade plant performance(product quality, productionrate,profit)
•Consider a bleengineering insightis required-engineers working independently could develop different result.
Origin of HAZOP :
•Initially prepared by Dr HGLawley ICI at Wilton in and associates of 1960’s.
•Subsequently CJBullock and AJD Jenning from ChE Dept.Teeside Poly technic unde rsuper vision of T.A.Kletzapplied the method at higher institution(post-graduate level).
•In1977,Chemical Industries Association published the edited version. Later Development-HAZOP:
•ICI expanded the procedure called HAZARD STUDY steps1 to 6. The ICI six steps:
•Project exploration/preliminary project assessment to identify inherent hazards of process chemicals,site suitability and probable environmental impact.
•Project definition–to identify and reduce significant hazards associated with items and areas, check conformity with relevant standards and codes of practices.
•Design and procurement–to examine the PID in detail for identification of deviations from designintent capable of causing operability problems or hazards.
•During final stages of construction–to check that all recommended and accepted actions
• recorded in stepsi,ii and iii implemented.
•?During plant commissioning–to check that all relevant statutory requirements have been
•acknowledges and all installed safety systems are reliably operable.
•During normal operation, sometime after start up especially if any modification been made.To check if changes in operation has not invalidated the HAZOPreport of step iii by introducing new hazards. This procedures are adopted fully or partly by many companies around the world.
Objective of HAZOP:
•For identifyingcause and theconsequences of perceived mal operations of equipment and associated operator interfaces in the context of the complete system.
•It accommodates the status of recognized design standards and codes of practice but rightly questions the relevance of these in specific circumstances where hazards may remain undetected.
How and Why HAZOP is Used:
•HAZOP identifies potential hazards,failures and operability problems.
•Its use is recommended as a principal method by professional institutions and legislators on the basis of proven capabilities for over 40 years.
•It is most effective as a team effort consists of plant and designers,operating personnel,control and instrumentation engineer etc.
•It encourages creativity in design concept evaluation.
•Its use results in fewer commissioning and operational problems and better informed personnel,thus confirming overall cost effectiveness improvement.
•Necessary changes to a system for eliminating or reducing the probability of operating deviations are suggested bythe analytical procedure.
•HAZOP provides a necessary management tool and bonus in so far that it demonstrates to insurers and inspect or sevidence of comprehensive thoroughness.
•HAZOP reports are an integral part of plant ands afetyrecords and are also applicable to design changes and plant modifications, there by containing accountability for equipment and its associated human interface throughout the operating life time.
•HAZOP technique is now used by most major companies handling and processing hazardous material,especially those where engineering practice involves elevated operating parameters: - oilandgasproduction - flammableandtoxicchemicals - pharmaceuticalsetc
•Progressive legislation in encouraging smaller and specialty manufacturing sites to adopt the method also asstandard practice.
Purpose of HAZOP:
•It emphasizes upon the operating integrity of a system,there by leading methodically to most potential and detectable deviations which could conceivably arise in the course of normal operating routine. - including"start-up"and"shut-down"procedures - as well as steady-state operations.
•It is important to remember at all times that HAZOP is an identifying technique and not intended as a means of solving problems nor is the method intended to be used solely as an undisciplined means of searching for hazardous scenarios.
•Systematic technique to IDENTIFY potential HAZard and OPerating problems.
•Aformalsystematic rigorous examination to the process and engineering facets of a production facility.
•Aqualitative technique basedon“guide-words”to help provoke thoughts about the way deviations from the intended operating conditions can lead to hazardous situations or operabilityproblems
•HAZOP is basically for safety -Hazards are the main concern -Operability problems degrade plant performance(product quality, productionrate,profit)
•Consider a bleengineering insightis required-engineers working independently could develop different result.
Origin of HAZOP :
•Initially prepared by Dr HGLawley ICI at Wilton in and associates of 1960’s.
•Subsequently CJBullock and AJD Jenning from ChE Dept.Teeside Poly technic unde rsuper vision of T.A.Kletzapplied the method at higher institution(post-graduate level).
•In1977,Chemical Industries Association published the edited version. Later Development-HAZOP:
•ICI expanded the procedure called HAZARD STUDY steps1 to 6. The ICI six steps:
•Project exploration/preliminary project assessment to identify inherent hazards of process chemicals,site suitability and probable environmental impact.
•Project definition–to identify and reduce significant hazards associated with items and areas, check conformity with relevant standards and codes of practices.
•Design and procurement–to examine the PID in detail for identification of deviations from designintent capable of causing operability problems or hazards.
•During final stages of construction–to check that all recommended and accepted actions
• recorded in stepsi,ii and iii implemented.
•?During plant commissioning–to check that all relevant statutory requirements have been
•acknowledges and all installed safety systems are reliably operable.
•During normal operation, sometime after start up especially if any modification been made.To check if changes in operation has not invalidated the HAZOPreport of step iii by introducing new hazards. This procedures are adopted fully or partly by many companies around the world.
Objective of HAZOP:
•For identifyingcause and theconsequences of perceived mal operations of equipment and associated operator interfaces in the context of the complete system.
•It accommodates the status of recognized design standards and codes of practice but rightly questions the relevance of these in specific circumstances where hazards may remain undetected.
How and Why HAZOP is Used:
•HAZOP identifies potential hazards,failures and operability problems.
•Its use is recommended as a principal method by professional institutions and legislators on the basis of proven capabilities for over 40 years.
•It is most effective as a team effort consists of plant and designers,operating personnel,control and instrumentation engineer etc.
•It encourages creativity in design concept evaluation.
•Its use results in fewer commissioning and operational problems and better informed personnel,thus confirming overall cost effectiveness improvement.
•Necessary changes to a system for eliminating or reducing the probability of operating deviations are suggested bythe analytical procedure.
•HAZOP provides a necessary management tool and bonus in so far that it demonstrates to insurers and inspect or sevidence of comprehensive thoroughness.
•HAZOP reports are an integral part of plant ands afetyrecords and are also applicable to design changes and plant modifications, there by containing accountability for equipment and its associated human interface throughout the operating life time.
•HAZOP technique is now used by most major companies handling and processing hazardous material,especially those where engineering practice involves elevated operating parameters: - oilandgasproduction - flammableandtoxicchemicals - pharmaceuticalsetc
•Progressive legislation in encouraging smaller and specialty manufacturing sites to adopt the method also asstandard practice.
Purpose of HAZOP:
•It emphasizes upon the operating integrity of a system,there by leading methodically to most potential and detectable deviations which could conceivably arise in the course of normal operating routine. - including"start-up"and"shut-down"procedures - as well as steady-state operations.
•It is important to remember at all times that HAZOP is an identifying technique and not intended as a means of solving problems nor is the method intended to be used solely as an undisciplined means of searching for hazardous scenarios.
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